Advanced methods for MSWI fly ash treatment

The dissertation focuses on advanced methods for processing fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants. Fly ash produced during flue gas treatment is considered hazardous waste due to its content of heavy metals, salts, and persistent organic pollutants. However, it also has the potential to be a valuable source of raw materials. The research findings demonstrate that hydrometallurgical processes can eliminate the hazardous properties of MSWI fly ash while recovering useful products such as metals, salts, and gypsum. By processing fly ash directly at MSWI plants and utilising other waste streams, this approach can serve as a zero-waste technology and significantly contribute to the principles of a circular economy.