Batch-to-continous transformations

Batch-to-continuous transformation of phase-transfer catalyzed N-alkylation reactions for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. This case study of N-alkylation of lysergic acid derivatives represents a fast, exothermic reaction occurring on the interface among aqueous and organic phases. Current state-of-the-art preparation includes batch process with yields of only about 80% and the use of toxic alkylation agents. Intensification of this mass-transfer limited reaction has the potential for yield increase as well as for toxic alkylation agent replacement by greener but less active alternative e.g. methyl carbonate.